Journal of Climate Change
type: channel
publisher: Cerebration Science Publishing CO., LIMITED
language: en
publication name: Journal of Climate Change
issn: 2395-7611
items: Multi-Climate Transient Seasonal Analysis of Integrated Solar Assisted Desiccant Indirect Evaporative Cooling System with Dynamic Building Loads
items: Assessment of Different Machinery Packages for Identification of Climate Smart Wheat Cultivation in Central India
items: Spatio-Temporal Variability of Extreme Precipitation and Flow Indices in the Lower and Middle Ouémé Valley in Benin
items: A High-Sensitivity Gas Sensor for Simultaneous Detection of Methane and Ethane in Urban Gas Networks
items: Factors of Vulnerability Forming Considerations For Informed Legal-Policy Formulation In Addressing Climate Change-Induced Internal Displacement: Case Study on Munroe Island
items: Exposure to Climatic Variability and Associated Hydro-Meteorological Hazards in Beas River Basin of Western Himalaya, India
items: Spatiotemporal Variability of Rainfall in Central Guizhou: Multi-Time Scale Analysis and Implications for Climate Change Adaptation
items: Assessment on Sources of PM & TVOCs in School Buildings and Effects on Health of Student: A Systematic Review
items: Assessing Thermal Comfort and Cooling Challenges for Women in Malaysian Households
items: The Decline of Climate Skepticism in France: An Analysis of Climate Change Attitudes over the Last Two Decades
items: A Comparative Review of Vegetative and Animal-Based Biodiesel: Feedstock Selection, Synthesis Method, Characterization Technique, and Economic Perspective
items: Climate Change and Farming in Sikkim: A Study on Selected Crops
items: Non-Linear Finite Element Analysis and Design of RC Shear Wall: Nigeria Earth Tremor as Case Study
items: Editorial
items: Comparative Analysis of India’s Tier-1 Cities Climate Vulnerability Assessment
items: Monitoring Land Use Dynamics and Agricultural Land Suitability in Samastipur District, Bihar Using Landsat Imagery and GIS
items: Transforming Urban Energy: Dynamics, Policies and Innovations in Suburban Energy Efficiency and Building Sustainability in India
items: Dynamics of Vulnerable Glacial Lakes in the Sikkim Himalayas Under Changing Climate Scenario
items: Role of the Organic Food System in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals: A Review Study
items: A Comprehensive Analysis of Long-term Trends in Temperature and Rainfall Patterns in Sikkim, India
items: Increase in Paleoproductivity Driven by Strengthening of Indian Summer Monsoon During Past ~14kyrs: Evidenced by Biogenic Silica Accumulation Rates at Southeastern Arabian Sea
items: Spatio-Temporal Mechanisms of Rainfall in Kalaburagi District: An Analysis of Trends and Variability
items: Contesting Gross National Happiness in the Context of the Digital: The Digital and GNH Divide in Bhutan
items: Small States, Big Impact: A Review of Rising Greenhouse Gases Emission from the Energy Sector in India
items: Review on Conservation Approach Study of Largest Mangrove Ecosystem as the Mitigation of Climate Change
items: Exploring Climate Interactions: A Fuzzy Rough Set Theory Approach
items: Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Air Quality in Rajsamand District, Rajasthan Using Cloud-Based Google Earth Engine Approach
items: Economic and Environmental Resilience of Tenant Farmers in Majuli, Assam

Multi-Climate Transient Seasonal Analysis of Integrated Solar Assisted Desiccant Indirect Evaporative Cooling System with Dynamic Building Loads
type: item
description: Thermal comfort demand in the building sector is increasing remarkably due to population growth, urbanization, and global warming, particularly in hot and humid climates like Pakistan. However, the performance of such systems is strongly influenced by dynamic building loads and transient climate conditions, such as solar irradiance, ambient air temperature, and humidity. This study investigated the adequacy of the solar-assisted desiccant cooler with the Maisotsenko cycle cooler (SADC-Mc) system by performing a transient seasonal analysis for multiple climate zones of Pakistan. The climate zones include humid subtropical (Cwa), Warm semi-arid (BSh), and Warm desert climate (BWh), as exemplified by various cities such as Peshawar, Taxila, Lahore, Multan, and Karachi. Furthermore, the performance of SADC-Mc is also compared with a traditional solar-assisted desiccant cooling system with a direct evaporative cooler (SAD-DEC) in each climate. A detailed solar-assisted desiccant cooling system model was developed in TRNSYS, and a Maisotsenko cycle cooler (M-cycle) EES component model was also incorporated to perform the seasonal (April-September) transient simulation analysis under dynamic building loads for the selected climates. The system model validation findings showed good agreement with published experimental data, with a mean percentage error of 2.7%. The SADC-Mc system was found to be 40-60% more efficient than the traditional desiccant cooling system in terms of COPth for the less humid climates of Taxila, Peshawar, and Lahore. In terms of cooling capacity (CC), the integrated system performed effectively well in all cities, achieving its peak monthly performance in Multan at 5407 kWh. Furthermore, the maximum thermal energy requirement of the SADC-Mc system was reported for Karachi (6603 kWh) in June. In contrast, the SAD-DEC system's thermal energy requirement is almost double (17072 kWh) as compared to the SADC-Mc system. Similarly, the monthly average varia…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: solar-assisted cooling
  topic: keywords
subject: desiccant cooling
  topic: keywords
subject: different climates
  topic: keywords
subject: transient analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: solid desiccant
  topic: keywords
creator: Muzaffar Ali
creator: Suoying HE
creator: Fouzia Begum
creator: Mohammad Usman
creator: Ghulam Qadir Chaudhary
creator: Mirza Abdullah Rehan
creator: Guiqiang Li
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muzaffar Ali, Suoying HE, Fouzia Begum, Mohammad Usman, Ghulam Qadir Chaudhary, Mirza Abdullah Rehan, Guiqiang Li (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 15
ending page: 15
doi: 10.70917/jcc-2025-025

Assessment of Different Machinery Packages for Identification of Climate Smart Wheat Cultivation in Central India
type: item
description: Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a major food grain crop cultivated in India (31.4 million hectares in 2022-2023). In view of rising concerns of emissions from agriculture, it was considered to assess the global warming potential (GWP) of various wheat cultivation practices being followed in central India. Wheat sowing by five different machines along with associated cultivation practices were evaluated and compared with traditional wheat cultivation with seed cum fertilizer drill. The five wheat cultivation machinery packages evaluated were i) Zero till seed cum fertilizer drill; ii) Zero till drill with straw handler; iii) Happy seeder; iv) Broad bed former seeder; and v) Rotary tiller assisted broad bed former seeder–over a period of three years from 2021-2022 to 2023-2024. The GWP was found minimum with Happy seeder at 555.0 kg CO2eq./ha, followed by Zero till drill with straw handler (648.3 kg CO2 eq./ha) and Zero till drill (651.8 kg CO2 eq./ha). Wheat cultivation with conventional Seed cum fertilizer drill had highest GWP of 775.4 kg CO2 eq./ha due to higher fuel usage in the whole cultivation process. The grain yield was highest on wheat cultivation with Rotary tiller assisted broad bed former seeder(5401.3 kg/ha)and this cultivation practice also had minimum Greenhouse Gas(GHG) intensity of 0.126 kg CO2 eq./kg of grain output. Wheat cultivation with Rotary tiller assisted broad bed former seeder was considered climate resilient due to its higher yield, lower GHG intensity, and maximum economic return (Rs.23,530 per hectare) over conventional method.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: carbon footprint
  topic: keywords
subject: climate resilient technologies
  topic: keywords
subject: conservation tillage
  topic: keywords
subject: global warming potential
  topic: keywords
subject: greenhouse gas emission
  topic: keywords
creator: Chandrashekhar Sahay
creator: Niveta Jain
creator: Uday Rangnath Badegaonkar
creator: Krishna Pratap Singh
creator: Manoj Kumar
creator: Satish Kumar Singh
creator: Purvi Tiwari
creator: Ved Prakash Chaudhary
creator: Chetan Sawant
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Chandrashekhar Sahay, Niveta Jain, Uday Rangnath Badegaonkar, Krishna Pratap Singh, Manoj Kumar, Satish Kumar Singh, Purvi Tiwari, Ved Prakash Chaudhary, Chetan Sawant (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 15
ending page: 15
doi: 10.70917/jcc-2025-024

Spatio-Temporal Variability of Extreme Precipitation and Flow Indices in the Lower and Middle Ouémé Valley in Benin
type: item
description: The urgent need to study rainfall variability and its link to river flows is well established, given its direct impact on the socio-economic development of nations. This study analyzed the variability of extreme precipitation and flow indices at several stations in the lower and middle Ouémé valley in Benin. Five extreme precipitation indices (RX1DAY, RX3DAY, RX10DAY, SPI, PRCPTOT), as well as two extreme river flow indices (Q50 and Q95) were used. To conduct this analysis, we employed the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test to examine trends and the Pettitt test to identify stationarity breaks in the data series. The results indicate strong spatio-temporal variability in the indices studied. The break years are generally similar among indices but vary from one station to another. Three main breaks were identified over the study period (1960-2022): the first in 1970, the second in 1990, and the third after the 2000s. Regarding trends and the distribution of water surplus and deficit years, a cyclical pattern emerges. There is an overall downward trend in precipitation indices, with three distinct periods: a first and third water surplus period, separated by a deficit period, which is the longest. Concerning flow indices, two main breaks have been identified: one in 1970 and another in 1990. Trend analysis reveals a significant decrease in the Q95, while the Q50 shows an upward trend. Finally, an examination of the relationships between precipitation and flow indices shows that only the Q95 is significantly influenced by precipitation indices, especially the SPI and PRCPTOT. However, the relationship between Q95 and PRCPTOT is inversely proportional.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Climate change
  topic: keywords
subject: Extreme
  topic: keywords
subject: Précipitation indices
  topic: keywords
subject: Flow indices
  topic: keywords
subject: Trend analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Stationarity break point
  topic: keywords
creator: Freddy Zinsè HOUNNONDAHO
creator: Ezéchiel Obada
creator: Casimir Yelognisse Da-Allada
creator: Adéchina Eric ALAMOU
creator: Marius Bocco Koubè
creator: Josué ZANDAGBA
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Freddy Zinsè HOUNNONDAHO, Ezéchiel Obada, Casimir Y. Da-Allada, Adéchina Eric Alamou, Marius Bocco Koubè, Josué Zandagba (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 15
ending page: 15
doi: 10.70917/jcc-2025-026

A High-Sensitivity Gas Sensor for Simultaneous Detection of Methane and Ethane in Urban Gas Networks
type: item
description: To address the challenge of precise discrimination of multi-component trace gases for urban natural gas leakage monitoring, a dual-component gas sensor based on mid-infrared laser absorption spectroscopy was developed for simultaneous detection of methane (CH4) and ethane (C2H6). The sensor integrates an interband cascade laser, a 13-m optical path length multi-pass gas cell and a high-sensitivity detector. The optimal absorption lines of CH4 and C2H6 were identified through analysis of gas absorption spectra, and the negative-pressure (0.24 atm) operation was applied to effectively suppress water vapor interference, which significantly improved the anticross-interference capability. Experimental results demonstrate minimum detection limits of 17.77 parts-per-billion in volume (ppbv) for CH4 and 12.95 ppbv for C2H6 at a 1-second averaging time, and the dynamic response time is approximately 6 s. During the In-vehicle mobile monitoring experiment, the changes of CH4 and C2H6 concentrations near the leakage source show a high degree of correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.9991), which effectively distinguishes natural gas leakage from biogenic and anthropogenic interference sources such as landfills, automobile exhaust. This research provides a high-precision and low-false-alarm solution for the safety inspection of urban gas pipeline networks, and the application scenarios can be further expanded through miniaturization and intelligent optimization in the future.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: urban natural gas leakage
  topic: keywords
subject: safety Inspection
  topic: keywords
subject: dual-component gas
  topic: keywords
subject: mid-infrared
  topic: keywords
subject: mobile monitoring
  topic: keywords
creator: Zhao Rao
creator: Bin Zhou
creator: Denghao Zhu
creator: Xiao Chen
creator: Jingjing Liu
creator: Yuan Lv
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Zhao Rao, Bin Zhou, Denghao Zhu, Xiao Chen, Jingjing Liu, Yuan Lv (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-28
publication date: 2025-09-28
starting page: 10
ending page: 10
doi: 10.70917/jcc-2025-020

Factors of Vulnerability Forming Considerations For Informed Legal-Policy Formulation In Addressing Climate Change-Induced Internal Displacement: Case Study on Munroe Island
type: item
description: Globally, the effects of climate change are felt increasingly than ever before with significant implications for human mobility. At one end, extreme climatic conditions raise displacement risks and migration, on the other, mobility constraints may prevent people from leaving, thereby trapping them in places exhibiting high levels of climatic stress. In situ adaptations are becoming difficult entailing risks for livelihoods and health of populations; and migration destinations are also becoming affected by adverse climate impacts. The vulnerability of the migrating populations further creates novel challenges to climate resilience and human security. This premise is evaluated in the paper by employing a case study involving Munroe Island in the State of Kerala in India. The paper is premised on the proposition that effective redressal of issues caused by climate change require legal-policy interfaces. Now, the issue revolves around identification of determinants which should form the basis of such interfaces. The case study undertaken reveals vulnerability as the primary criterion to be considered relevant in formulation of legal-policy interfaces. The study concludes that when different sections of a geographically homogenous community are subjected to climate change adversities, the ill-effects though expected to be similar across the board, vary owing to differing socio-economic vulnerabilities of the units of the study population. Since climate change effects remain constant, such adverse effects can be pacified through modifications directed towards socio-economic indicators through targeted interventions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: climate-change
  topic: keywords
subject: vulnerability
  topic: keywords
subject: displacement
  topic: keywords
subject: resilience
  topic: keywords
subject: adaptation
  topic: keywords
creator: Abhijith S Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Abhijith S Kumar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-28
publication date: 2025-09-28
starting page: 19
ending page: 19
doi: 10.70917/jcc-2025-021

Exposure to Climatic Variability and Associated Hydro-Meteorological Hazards in Beas River Basin of Western Himalaya, India
type: item
description: The factors contributing to vulnerability can significantly differ across different locations and time periods, as certain communities, age demographics, areas, landscapes, and countries are more at risk from climate change. As a result, comprehending the spatial and temporal trends of current climates and their dependable projections is essential for better preparing to tackle the consequences of climate change. Another critical element of climate change mitigation and adaptation involves creating strategies that are relevant to specific local contexts. Exposure was defined as the cumulative impact of various climate and hydro-meteorological hazards. This approach allowed us to establish a climate change exposure index that takes into account both historical and current conditions. The exposure index can amalgamate numerous factors representing climate variability and related hydro-meteorological threats to inform proactive decision-making. Consequently, several indicators have been consolidated into a unified index to assess the level of exposure to climate variability. A positive correlation has been identified between climate change, hydro-meteorological hazards, and exposure. Our analysis revealed that, out of fifteen districts, ten exhibit a high degree of exposure to rainfall variability, residents from eight districts might face the risks associated with landslides, six districts are vulnerable to wind damage, five are at risk of temperature variability, and five are exposed to flood events.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: climate change
  topic: keywords
subject: exposure
  topic: keywords
subject: vulnerability
  topic: keywords
subject: hydrometeorological hazards
  topic: keywords
creator: Shekhar Kumar
creator: K Nageswara Rao
creator: Harjinder Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Shekhar Kumar, K Nageswara Rao, Harjinder Kumar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 17
ending page: 17
doi: 10.70917/jcc-2025-023

Spatiotemporal Variability of Rainfall in Central Guizhou: Multi-Time Scale Analysis and Implications for Climate Change Adaptation
type: item
description: Precipitation plays a critical role in the global water cycle, with its spatial distribution and variations significantly impacting both the environment and socio-economic systems, making it central to climate change research. This study investigates the spatiotemporal evolution of rainfall intensity and frequency in central Guizhou, China, using monthly data from 56 rain gauge stations (1965–2016). The analysis employs the Precipitation Anomaly Index (PAI) and P-III distribution to examine rainfall patterns across time scales of 3 to 12 months. Key findings include: (1) Rainfall intensity shows an "N-shaped" trend, with an increase from the 1960s to 1980s, followed by a decline and gradual recovery through the 2010s. The proportion of wet years peaked in the 1970s (47.55%), rising to 69.39% by the 2010s. (2) Rainfall frequency was highest during normal years (62.8%), with medium-frequency events becoming more dominant over time. (3) Significant differences in rainfall intensity were most pronounced at 9-month and 12-month scales, with rainfall frequency exhibiting significant variability across all time scales. This research highlights the multi-scale nature of rainfall patterns in central Guizhou, offering valuable insights for hydrological management and climate adaptation in karst regions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: spatiotemporal evolution of precipitation; Precipitation Anomaly Index (PAI); P-III distribution; multi-scale analysis; central Guizhou; climate adaptation.
  topic: keywords
creator: Zhonghua He
creator: Xiaolin Gu
creator: Feng Qiu
creator: Maoqiang Wang
creator: Mingjin Xu
creator: Siyu Chen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Zhonghua He, Xiaolin Gu, Feng Qiu, Maoqiang Wang, Mingjin Xu, Siyu Chen (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-04
publication date: 2025-07-04
starting page: 17
ending page: 17
doi: 10.70917/jcc-2025-016

Assessment on Sources of PM & TVOCs in School Buildings and Effects on Health of Student: A Systematic Review
type: item
description: Ensuring sustainable indoor environments in school buildings is essential for safeguarding student health and well-being. Indoor air pollution from particulate matter (PM) and total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) has emerged as a critical issue exacerbated by modern building materials and occupant behaviors. The rising prevalence of respiratory illnesses among students highlights the urgent need for improved indoor air quality (IAQ) standards, particularly as climate change influences air pollution dynamics. This review explores the sources of PM and TVOCs in elementary and primary school buildings and their health implications through a systematic review of literature published between 2010 and 2024. It also considers studies conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic when indoor air conditions shifted due to online learning periods. Out of 325 identified articles, the predominant sources of TVOCs were found to be cleaning activities, chemicals, furniture, and occupant behavior. PM sources encompassed classroom activities, building attributes, instructional materials, and external factors. The findings reveal that average PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations frequently exceed recommended health thresholds, posing risks such as reduced lung function, respiratory distress, and a higher prevalence of asthma among students. This review underscores the necessity of integrating IAQ management into sustainable building practices and climate adaptation strategies. By emphasizing long-term health monitoring, air dynamics analysis, and pollutant exposure assessments, it advocates for proactive policies to enhance school environments to ensure resilience against future climate-related air quality challenges.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Indoor air quality
  topic: keywords
subject: IAQ
  topic: keywords
subject: particulate matter
  topic: keywords
subject: volatile organic compounds
  topic: keywords
subject: school buildings
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammad Aliff Shakir
creator: Mardiana Idayu Ahmad
creator: Fatin Zafirah Mansur
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Climate Change https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-04
publication date: 2025-07-04
starting page: 22
ending page: 22
doi: 10.70917/jcc-2025-009

Assessing Thermal Comfort and Cooling Challenges for Women in Malaysian Households
type: item
description: Access to adequate cooling is essential for health, well-being, and livelihoods. However, in Malaysia, there remains a significant gap in understanding cooling access and thermal comfort, particularly among women home-based workers and women who spend the majority of their time at home. Despite global recognition of cooling disparities, limited research has focused on this demographic. Addressing this gap is vital for promoting gender equality and enhancing quality of life for women, especially in rural and lower-income settings. This study investigates thermal comfort and access to cooling in villages across five Malaysian states: Selangor, Melaka, Perak, Kedah, and Perlis, where village houses represent over 50% of occupied housing. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with women who either work from home or spend most of their time at home, assessing their thermal comfort, daily cooling needs, and household practices. Findings reveal that thermal discomfort peaks between 2 PM and 5 PM, and while most households have access to cooling systems, 66% of respondents reported high electricity bills as the main reason for not using air-conditioning. An additional 29% cited financial inability to afford the system, indicating that cost-related factors are the dominant barriers to cooling access. A chi-square goodness-of-fit test focusing on village house respondents revealed that heat due to house structure was the statistically significant cause of discomfort (χ² = 27.91 p < 0.001), suggesting structural issues such as poor insulation and solar heat gain as key contributors. To propose feasible solutions, TRNSYS simulations were conducted on a typical rural house model. Results showed that enhancing roof insulation was the most effective strategy, reducing cooling loads by approximately 10%, with an estimated load of 3.39 kWh. This study concludes that structural improvements, particularly roof insulation, are essential for reducing cooling needs and improving ther…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: cooling
  topic: keywords
subject: thermal comfort
  topic: keywords
subject: residential
  topic: keywords
subject: gender
  topic: keywords
subject: women
  topic: keywords
creator: Hasila Jarimi
creator: Mirratul Mukminah
creator: Nurfarhana Alyssa Ahmad Affandi
creator: Norasikin Ahmad Ludin
creator: Emy Zairah Ahmad
creator: Tajul Rosli Razak
creator: Saffa Riffat
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hasila Jarimi, Mirratul Mukminah, Nurfarhana Alyssa Ahmad Affandi, Norasikin Ahmad Ludin, Emy Zairah Ahmad, Tajul Rosli Razak, Saffa Riffat (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-04
publication date: 2025-07-04
starting page: 17
ending page: 17
doi: 10.70917/jcc-2025-015

The Decline of Climate Skepticism in France: An Analysis of Climate Change Attitudes over the Last Two Decades
type: item
description: This article analyzes the evolution of public attitudes toward climate change in France. In the context of a challenging economic environment, the climate crisis continues to be a significant concern for the French populace, a concern that is exacerbated by the increasing frequency of climate-related disasters globally. Utilizing a logit model applied to four waves of a longitudinal survey conducted in 2000, 2010, 2019, and 2021, our findings indicate a noteworthy decline in climate skepticism. This reduction is correlated with an enhanced recognition of the scientific consensus on climate change and a broader adoption of environmentally responsible behaviors. Our analysis reveals significant associations between political orientation and climate skepticism: individuals who voted for far-right parties demonstrate a higher propensity for skepticism, whereas those who supported environmentalist parties exhibit a lower likelihood of skepticism. These findings highlight the critical need for ongoing efforts to communicate climate science effectively, promote pro-environmental behaviors, and acknowledge the pivotal role of political actors in mitigating climate skepticism.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: climate change skepticism
  topic: keywords
subject: global warming
  topic: keywords
subject: eco-responsible behavior
  topic: keywords
creator: Sébastien Bourdin
creator: André Torre
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sébastien Bourdin, André Torre (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-29
publication date: 2025-08-29
starting page: 21
ending page: 21
doi: 10.70917/jcc-2025-017

A Comparative Review of Vegetative and Animal-Based Biodiesel: Feedstock Selection, Synthesis Method, Characterization Technique, and Economic Perspective
type: item
description: The urgent need for sustainable energy solutions has intensified research into biodiesel as a viable alternative to fossil fuels. With rising concerns over greenhouse gas emissions and energy security, biodiesel derived from renewable feedstocks presents a promising pathway toward low-carbon development. However, the selection of optimal feedstocks and efficient extraction techniques remains critical to enhancing its economic viability and environmental sustainability. This review explores biodiesel production from both vegetative and animal-based feedstocks, focusing on their potential as renewable energy sources. Key extraction techniques, including mechanical, solvent, and advanced methods are critically examined for their effectiveness in lipid extraction. The review further evaluates five biodiesel production methods: transesterification, supercritical transesterification, pyrolysis, blending, and micro-emulsification, with a particular focus on transesterification due to its efficiency and favorable outcomes. The study emphasizes the physicochemical properties of biodiesel, ensuring compliance with ASTM 6751 and EN 14214 standards. By providing a comprehensive assessment of feedstock availability, process efficiency, and sustainability considerations, this review contributes to advancing the role of biodiesel in the transition toward climate-friendly energy solutions. The findings reinforce the role of biodiesel in mitigating climate change by reducing dependency on fossil fuels and promoting circular bioeconomy practices.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: biodiesel
  topic: keywords
subject: vegetative feedstock
  topic: keywords
subject: animal feedstock
  topic: keywords
subject: physicochemical properties
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable energy
  topic: keywords
creator: Sami Alsaadi
creator: Mohammad Aliff Shakir
creator: Mardiana Idayu Ahmad
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sami Alsaadi, Mohammad Aliff Shakir, Mardiana Idayu Ahmad (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-04
publication date: 2025-07-04
starting page: 22
ending page: 22
doi: 10.70917/jcc-2025-013

Climate Change and Farming in Sikkim: A Study on Selected Crops
type: item
description: Climate change is a global phenomenon with far-reaching implications for ecosystems and human wellbeing. It poses a particularly severe threat to agriculture, which is both highly climate-sensitive and a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. The impacts of climate change are not evenly distributed and tend to disproportionately affect ecologically fragile and socio-economically vulnerable regions. This study investigates the impact of climate change on the cultivation of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum), maize (Zea mays), and ginger (Zingiber officinale)—three high-value crops vital to Sikkim’s agrarian economy and identifies the adaptation strategies by farmers. Primary data were collected in 2023 from 200 farmers by using a structured schedule across lowland, mid-hill, and high-altitude agro-climatic zones. Stratified random sampling was used to ensure crop and zone representation. Quantitative analysis involved descriptive statistics, chi-square tests for pest and disease incidence, and logistic regression to determine factors influencing adaptation behavior. The results indicate significant yield declines, increased pest and disease outbreaks, and farmers’ growing reliance on practices like water conservation, planting date adjustment, and crop diversification. Farm size, education, and access to extension services were significant predictors of adaptation. The study emphasizes the need for policies to enhance the adaptive capacity of smallholder farmers in climate-vulnerable regions like Sikkim.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: adaptation strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: agro-climatic zones
  topic: keywords
subject: climate change
  topic: keywords
subject: crop diversification
  topic: keywords
creator: Premanand Meher
creator: Nandita Debnath
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Climate Change https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-04
publication date: 2025-07-04
starting page: 9
ending page: 9
doi: 10.70917/jcc-2025-011

Non-Linear Finite Element Analysis and Design of RC Shear Wall: Nigeria Earth Tremor as Case Study
type: item
description: In Nigeria, it is common to design buildings first for gravity loads and then assess the structure's suitability for safety against lateral loads. It is well known that lateral loads influence the design of multi-story buildings, hence the designer's first priority should be to ensure that the structure is sufficiently safe from lateral loads. Nigeria has a large number of RC frame building that are not designed to resist seismic load because of the belief that Nigeria does not have area that are prone to earthquake, but Nigeria is no longer free from earthquake due to the occurrence of earth tremors in Nigeria in the past. This study focused on the design of RC shear wall in three storey building that assume to be place in seismic prone area in Nigeria which is capable of resisting Earthquake. The data of the magnitudes of earth tremors that have occurred in Nigeria was collected from Centre of Geodesy and Geodynamic to determine the seismic load to EC8 specification. Extended Three-Dimensional Analysis of Building System (ETABS) was used to analyze and design the shear wall. ETABS 2016 software was incorporated with all the major analysis engines that is static, dynamic, Linear and non-linear, etc. This tool was used for the modeling, analyses and design of RC shear wall for three storey building to resist Earthquake load. Hence, providing shear walls at adequate locations substantially reduce structural vulnerability and absorb Earthquake energy through inelastic deformation and prevent collapse and lose of lives.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Earthquake
  topic: keywords
subject: Nonlinear finite element analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: ETABS
  topic: keywords
subject: RC Shear wall
  topic: keywords
creator: Festus A. Olutoge
creator: Adekunle O. Onikola
creator: Oluwatosin Adejonwo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Climate Change
date: 2025-05-30
publication date: 2025-05-30
starting page: 16
ending page: 16
doi: 10.70917/jcc-2025-006

Editorial
type: item
description: The rising temperatures and variable precipitation patterns globally show almost all the regions are vulnerable to climate change that are impacting the cryosphere process, water resources, agriculture, and ecological balance. This issue investigates the importance of having a comprehensive analysis of long-term trends by incorporating climate understandings into the policy frameworks to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change and promote sustainability. The process through which it can be achieved is covered here through transformation of judicial use of resources like the organic food system, energy, climate policies, LULC and innovations in energy efficiency. These aspects thus contribute to reducing poverty, hunger, health of the people, sustainable consumption and production, climate action, protecting life on the land and under the water. Further comparative analysis of cities in one paper offers critical insights for urban planners and policymakers to develop tailored climate resilience strategies to mitigate climate risks across urban conglomerates.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 4
ending page: 4

Comparative Analysis of India’s Tier-1 Cities Climate Vulnerability Assessment
type: item
description: The present study conducts a comparative analysis of India’s eight Tier-1 cities, Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Kolkata, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, and Pune, for their climate vulnerability assessment. The secondary data was collected from the India Meteorological Department and published climate vulnerability atlas to draw the relative importance index (RII) score for each exposure indicator of climate vulnerability for each city on the ten climate parameters, including earthquake, rainfall, wind, thunderstorm, cyclone, drought, floods, heatwave, cold wave vulnerabilities. The cities based on inland and coastal boundaries were also considered in scoring calculations. The study’s findings indicate that Chennai and Mumbai are the most vulnerable cities, primarily due to extreme weather events and sea-level rise, necessitating targeted adaptation strategies. Bengaluru shows lower vulnerability, reflecting its resilient infrastructure and proactive measures. Mid-range vulnerabilities are observed for Delhi, Kolkata, Ahmedabad, and Pune, highlighting diverse challenges from heat waves to flooding. Hyderabad’s relatively lower score suggests moderate risk yet underscores the importance of continuous infrastructure improvement. The comparative analysis offers critical insights for urban planners and policymakers to develop tailored climate resilience strategies, emphasising sustainable infrastructure, community preparedness, and proactive urban design to mitigate climate risks and foster sustainable development across these urban conglomerates. The study serves as a foundational step towards enhancing the climate resilience of India’s major cities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 10
ending page: 10
doi: 10.3233/JCC240032

Monitoring Land Use Dynamics and Agricultural Land Suitability in Samastipur District, Bihar Using Landsat Imagery and GIS
type: item
description: This study investigates land use and land cover (LULC) changes in Samastipur District, Bihar, from 2000 to 2020 using Landsat data and GIS techniques. Our analysis reveals a significant increase in agricultural land from 64.24% to 84.80%, amounting to a rise of 59,615 ha. During the same period, natural vegetation decreased sharply from 20.76% to 3.19%, and water bodies diminished from 2.72% to 1.82%. Settlement areas expanded by 38.30%, while barren land was reduced by 44.65%. Accuracy assessments showed substantial agreement, with Kappa values improving from 0.64 in 2000 to 0.88 in 2020, and overall accuracy rising from 71.62% to 90.74%. The Productivity Rating Index (PRI) for Pusa Farm indicates high suitability for major crops, with PRI values of 82.90% for wheat, 106.57% for sugarcane, and 137.14% for paddy. These findings underscore the dynamic changes in land use and the effectiveness of remote sensing for monitoring and managing agricultural resources, providing valuable insights for sustainable land management and policy-making.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 12
ending page: 12
doi: 10.3233/JCC240031

Transforming Urban Energy: Dynamics, Policies and Innovations in Suburban Energy Efficiency and Building Sustainability in India
type: item
description: This review article provides a thorough examination of the factors affecting energy consumption in India and around the world, focussing on suburban areas and their role in the broader context of building construction and energy efficiency. The study examines the switch from conventional energy sources to more diversified energy portfolios, including electricity, natural gas, oil, biomass, and waste. Moving deeper into the subject, the review delves into the realm of carbon emissions resulting from building and construction. It spotlights the critical contribution of residential energy consumption to the overall carbon footprint and discusses the dual significance of operational and embodied emissions in the construction sector. This research underscores the necessity for integrated strategies to mitigate carbon emissions in building practices. Furthermore, the paper critically evaluates the evolution of energy regulations, with a special focus on the shift from prescriptive to performance-based Building Energy Codes (BECs). It assesses the capacity of current energy policies to curtail global warming and provides an in-depth analysis of energy usage patterns, policies, and CO2 emissions in the Indian suburban context. The study highlights India’s efforts to modernise building codes and improve energy efficiency while promoting multifaceted strategies that include building code improvements, the use of energy-efficient technologies, and sustainable urban design, and ends with a plea for sustainable development and major reductions in carbon emissions, thereby highlighting the critical role that both local and global initiatives can play. This study provides a thorough understanding of sustainable building practices and energy efficiency, especially in suburban development.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 12
ending page: 12
doi: 10.3233/JCC240030

Dynamics of Vulnerable Glacial Lakes in the Sikkim Himalayas Under Changing Climate Scenario
type: item
description: Expanding glacial lakes and associated potential for catastrophic Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) are growing concerns globally. With above-average warming rates (0.3 ± 0.2 °C per decade), the Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region is witnessing significant glacier mass loss, reduced snow cover, and increased permafrost thawing, all of which increase meltwater availability, leading to formation and expansion of glacial lakes. Glacial lakes, in turn, further accelerate glacier mass loss through calving and subaqueous melt, creating a vicious feedback loop of glacial melting and expansion of glacial lakes. Lake with larger areas has a higher probability of interception of mass movements. Additionally, it exerts greater hydrostatic pressure on moraine dams and therefore higher magnitude of GLOF which can be extremely destructive, arriving unnoticed and destroying property, infrastructure, and agricultural land, often resulting in extensive loss of life and property. Sikkim Himalayas hosts a large number of glacial lakes and has received considerable scientific attention due to the potential GLOF hazards. This study focuses on 13 vulnerable glacial lakes (VGLs) in the Sikkim Himalayas, analysing their decadal dynamics from 1962 to 2020 using declassified Corona and Hexagon KH-9 imagery and Landsat satellite data. Our analysis revealed a significant increase in the total area of the VGLs, expanding from 3.594 km² in 1962 to 8.664 km² in 2020. However, individual lakes exhibited highly variable dynamics and growth histories, falling into either of the two categories, quasi-stable and dynamic lakes. Most VGLs were quasi-stable, with minimal growth over a decade, while dynamic lakes, connected to parent glaciers, showed continuous growth. Based on modelled future lake expansion, South Lhonak and KhangchungTsho were found to have future expansion potential of 0.472 km2 and 0.333 km2 , respectively. With growing infrastructure and population downstream, the risk of future GLO…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
doi: 10.3233/JCC240029

Role of the Organic Food System in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals: A Review Study
type: item
description: The greater Global concern today is climate change and global warming and to combat this issue the United Nations has set 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to be achieved by the year 2030 with the collective efforts of member nations. The conventional food system has exploited natural resources in a very negative manner which impacted both human health and the ecological system. The organic food system is an alternative to this which uses a natural way of production prohibiting chemical and artificial synthesis. This study aims to explore the role of the organic food system in achieving Sustainable Development Goals. The result of the study shows that the organic food system has a significant positive impact in the form of environmental sustainability, public health, social impact, and economic impact on the people. The organic food system significantly contributes to the SDG1, SDG2, SDG3, SDG12, SDG13, SDG14, and SDG15 by reducing poverty, mitigating hunger worldwide, protecting the health of the people and well-being, sustainable consumption and production, climate action, protecting life on the land and under the water.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 8
ending page: 8
doi: 10.3233/JCC240028

A Comprehensive Analysis of Long-term Trends in Temperature and Rainfall Patterns in Sikkim, India
type: item
description: One of the main global concerns of the twenty-first century is climate change, which is causing patterns of precipitation and temperature to shift, as well as a rise in the frequency of extreme occurrences. In order to evaluate the effects of climate change on the Himalayan State, the study examines the long-term changes in temperature and precipitation in Sikkim, India, over a period of 121 years (1901–2021). The study uses the “Mann-Kendall Trend Test” and “Sen’s Slope Estimator” to analyse the monthly temperature and precipitation data across Sikkim’s districts: East, West, North, and South. The paper shows that the state has a significant increase in average temperatures across all districts, with an upward trend and p-values <0.01. The study also shows that the precipitation trends are less uniform, with South Sikkim being the only district exhibiting a significantly decreasing rainfall trend. The rising temperatures and variable precipitation patterns highlight the region’s vulnerability to climate change, with potential implications for water resources, agriculture, and ecological balance. This research points towards the need for urgency in incorporating climate understandings into the policy frameworks to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change and promote sustainability in Sikkim.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 8
ending page: 8
doi: 10.3233/JCC240027

Editorial
type: item
description: This issue deals with important changes that are happening in the overall environment, agriculture sector, energy sector and in rainfall and temperature over space and time in various parts of SE Asia. The first paper explores the economic and environmental sustainability of tenant farming among the Mishing tribe in Majuli, the biggest river island. Second paper deals with the impacts of marble mining activities on local air quality to help to formulate a stringent air quality regulation for sustainable mining practices to mitigate environmental and health impacts. The third one analyses the climate change impact that is challenging due to climate data’s intricate and dynamic nature that used fuzzy rough set theory (FRST) to perform feature selection in the analysis of climatic data to effectively address uncertainty and vagueness in climate data. The fourth paper shows the negative effects of climate change on mangroves and the preservation aspects linked to climate mitigation in the Sundarbans ecosystems. Another one gives overall picture of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) that are a prime concern in the energy sector that accounts for a significant GHGs-emission, followed by agriculture, industry, land use change and forestry and waste sector. Yet another paper on Bhutan narrates the impact of digitisation that affects the pillars of Gross National Happiness and shows that the convergence of the digitisation and development to enhance GNH influences all aspects of Bhutanese life including environmental conservation. And finally a paper on the analysis of the data from various taluks to analyze the changes/trends and variability in annual and seasonal rainfall using Sen Slope and Mann-Kendall analysis and identifying the higher mean rainfall and lower mean rainfall zones for the benefit of the policymakers to address climate change impact and water resource management in the region.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2024-08-30
publication date: 2024-08-30
starting page: 4
ending page: 4

Increase in Paleoproductivity Driven by Strengthening of Indian Summer Monsoon During Past ~14kyrs: Evidenced by Biogenic Silica Accumulation Rates at Southeastern Arabian Sea
type: item
description: We analysed the BSi (Biogenic Silica) contents of the marine core SK-313/1 from the southeastern Arabian Sea which is dated up to ~14.5 kyr BP. Results show that the maximum and minimum BSi contents are 2.5 and 0.5%, respectively. This is because of the low supply of silica skeleton and the high dissolution and dilution of terrigenous materials. The BSi mass accumulation rates indicate a trend of reduced paleoproductivity during the late Glacial period and increase during the Holocene, with global climatic shifts. Insolation changes at low latitudes, which regulate temperatures, may affect nutrient availability and, consequently productivity variations on a glacial–interglacial timescale. Notably, millennial events like the Younger Dryas (YD) periods, exhibited lower paleoproductivity, in contrast to the Bølling/Allerød (B-A) period and the middle Holocene, which displayed elevated levels of paleoproductivity. These millennial-scale fluctuations in siliceous productivity may be due to the changes in nutrient supply caused by the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). The period of increased paleoproductivity could be influenced by intensified chemical weathering and a boosted nutrient supply, which are consequences of the strengthened ISM during periods of relatively higher temperature.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 10
ending page: 10
doi: 10.3233/JCC240025

Spatio-Temporal Mechanisms of Rainfall in Kalaburagi District: An Analysis of Trends and Variability
type: item
description: The study used data from 11 taluks to analyse the changes and variability in annual and seasonal rainfall in the Kalaburagi district between 2016 and 2022. Sen Slope and Mann-Kendall analyses were used to evaluate trends, while the coefficient of variation was used to measure rainfall variability. The mean rainfall was calculated using simple mathematical formulas. The findings showed minimal seasonal and yearly variability, with the exception of the southwest monsoon season. The district as a whole as well as all 11 taluks consistently saw a rise in rainfall, according to annual Sen slope research. However, during the northeast monsoon season, negative trends were observed in Aland and Sedam Taluks. In the Mann-Kendall test, the district did not exhibit any general pattern; nevertheless, several taluks, such as Yadrami and Kamalapur, demonstrated remarkable trends in the southwest and northeast seasons, respectively. Due to geographical and climatic fluctuations, the district of Kalaburagi experienced an annual mean precipitation of 797 mm. Higher mean rainfall was recorded in Sedam, Kalagi, Chincholi, and Kamalapur, while lower mean rainfall was recorded in Jevaragi and Yadrami Taluks. In the water-scarce Kalaburagi district, this work is important for policymakers addressing climate change and water resource management.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 16
ending page: 16
doi: 10.3233/JCC240024

Contesting Gross National Happiness in the Context of the Digital: The Digital and GNH Divide in Bhutan
type: item
description: Digitalisation has transformed the lives of millions of individuals, societies and governments globally by creating an impact on political, social, economic, cultural and environmental conditions of human existence. Through the use of information and technology, people have expanded their knowledge base, transparency in the government has been greater than ever before, and economic development has been amplified. Although varying in availability, affordability, accessibility, and technological know-how, most governments of the world have adopted the digital in some ways, of which, Bhutan is no exception. Since the inception of the first radio station in 1973 to the launch of its first nanosatellite (BHUTAN-1) in 2018, the country has made remarkable digital transformation. As a matter of fact, Bhutan’s narrative of development through the use of the digital founded on the four pillars of Gross National Happiness (GNH) has caught the attention of the whole world. Placing people at the center of its development efforts, the convergence of the digital and development to enhance GNH, over the years, has influenced all aspects of Bhutanese life. However, everything comes with a price, digitalisation involves risks for the people and natural environment, thereby, compromising the very foundation of GNH philosophy. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to assess and evaluate the impact of digital upon the GNH of Bhutan, with a special focus on environmental conservation as one of the pillars of GNH.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 8
ending page: 8
doi: 10.3233/JCC240023

Small States, Big Impact: A Review of Rising Greenhouse Gases Emission from the Energy Sector in India
type: item
description: Emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) are a prime concern that needs our attention, not only in megapolitan states but also in developing small states. The increase in GHGs-emission could lead to severe climate change scenarios and global warming. In India, it is measured that the energy sector (68.7%) accounts for a significant GHGs-emission, followed by agriculture (19.6%), industry (6.0%), land use change and forestry (3.8%), and waste sector (1.9%). This article aims to investigate temporal changes and trends in greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions in the energy sector of India. We have used GHGs-emission as Carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent and compared the top per capita emitting states versus their total emissions and vice versa. Most of this increase has occurred in small states, where urbanisation, population growth, and economic expansion have been significant factors. Odisha and Maharashtra were listed as top-emitting states releasing more than 240 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (MtCO2e), mainly through industrial energy and electricity-related emissions, respectively, followed by Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, and West Bengal. In contrast, Chhattisgarh was recorded as the top per-capita emitting state, followed by Odisha. Among all the states studied, Lakshadweep has shown a significant trend in GHGs per capita reduction, while the other shows an increasing trend due to a lack of robust and effective legislation. This review will help to seek the attention of policymakers and the government towards the increasing emissions from the small states which are emerging in day to day life.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 10
ending page: 10
doi: 10.3233/JCC240022

Review on Conservation Approach Study of Largest Mangrove Ecosystem as the Mitigation of Climate Change
type: item
description: Bangladesh’s complicated socioeconomic background serves as an example of the 21st-century worldwide environmental challenges. With a land area of 10,200 km2 , the ‘Sundarbans’ is the world’s biggest mangrove forest, a hotspot for biodiversity, and home to several rare or endangered birds, reptiles, and mammals. Issues with biodiversity and climate change are linked here. Bangladesh and India share this important carbon sink ecosystem downstream of the Ganges Brahmaputra Meghna River complex. The Sundarbans are extremely beneficial to the local population because they produce beeswax, honey, and an abundance of seafood. They also prevent saltwater intrusion onto arable land, accumulate sediment as sea levels rise, and lessen the effects of seasonal droughts and monsoon floods. The mangrove is the main source of food and money for a large number of the impoverished residents that live in and around this forest, mostly from farming and fishing. The negative effects of climate change are becoming more and more evident. Preserving this worldwide treasure is of utmost importance; nevertheless, how can this forest be sustained over the long haul? In order to ensure the effective conservation of this globally significant ecosystem in the context of climate mitigation, this paper evaluates the advantages of the Sundarbans ecosystem’s good ecosystem function and lays out an integrated approach at the national (Bangladesh), bi-national (India-Bangladesh), and regional (with all countries of the Sundarbans river catchment system) levels.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 12
ending page: 12
doi: 10.3233/JCC240021

Exploring Climate Interactions: A Fuzzy Rough Set Theory Approach
type: item
description: Analysing climate change is challenging due to climate data’s intricate and dynamic nature. The primary issue is starting with high dimensionality. High dimensionality impacts the model’s performance, computation time, cost, and accuracy. Feature selection can be employed as a strategy to address the issue of dimensionality reduction, resulting in more precise insights and the identification of more explicit patterns. Various techniques are used for feature selection. Still, there is scope for progress in this field. This study uses fuzzy rough set theory (FRST) to perform feature selection in the analysis of climatic data. The dataset in the present study, obtained from Kaggle, is an authentic climate change dataset in the real world. FRST effectively addresses uncertainty and vagueness in climate data by identifying the most relevant temperature parameters and treating them as the deciding attribute. We identified 25 reducts from the original dataset using FRST. Compared to the original dataset, the best reducts had good classification accuracy. It indicates that FRST reducts preserve the essential features of the original climate data, assuring the reduced dataset’s integrity and relevance. FRST was more accurate than usual climate data analysis methods, proving its efficacy.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 8
ending page: 8
doi: 10.3233/JCC240020

Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Air Quality in Rajsamand District, Rajasthan Using Cloud-Based Google Earth Engine Approach
type: item
description: This study examines the spatial and temporal variations of key air pollutants in Rajsamand District, Rajasthan, from January 2015 to December 2019, using Sentinel-5P TROPOMI data. The pollutants analysed include carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), formaldehyde (HCHO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), methane (CH4), and aerosols. The findings reveal significant impacts of marble mining activities on local air quality. CO levels increased notably near mining sites, with mean annual values rising from 0.022 mol/m² in 2015 to 0.026 mol/m² in 2019. NO2 concentrations peaked near urban and industrial areas, increasing from 0.00013 µg/m³ in 2015 to 0.00016 µg/m³ in 2019. Elevated HCHO levels were observed near mining clusters, with concentrations rising from 0.00018 µg/m³ in 2015 to 0.00021 µg/m³ in 2019, posing significant respiratory health risks. SO2 emissions, primarily from diesel machinery and blasting activities, increased from 0.00028 ppm in 2015 to 0.00031 ppm in 2019. CH4 concentrations, influenced by underground releases during mining, increased from 1795 ppm in 2015 to 1810 ppm in 2019. Aerosol levels, elevated due to dust emissions from mining, increased from 0.48 μg/m³ in 2015 to 0.51 μg/m³ in 2019. These results underscore the need for stringent air quality regulations and sustainable mining practices to mitigate environmental and health impacts in Rajsamand District.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 14
ending page: 14
doi: 10.3233/JCC240019

Economic and Environmental Resilience of Tenant Farmers in Majuli, Assam
type: item
description: When agricultural land is unequally distributed, the land lease market can be essential in balancing factor endowments among agrarian families. With this backdrop, the study explores the economic and environmental sustainability of tenant farming among the Mishing tribe in Majuli, the biggest river island. The primary objectives are to compare the economic benefits of tenant versus owner farmers and to assess the resilience of the Mishing community to environmental challenges. Utilising purposive sampling, data were collected from the UjaniMajuli Block. Analytical methods include the Lekart scale, independent t-tests, and cost-benefit ratio analysis to evaluate economic benefits, complemented by field observations to assess resilience indicators. Results reveal that tenant farmers achieve a higher benefit-cost ratio than owner farmers for red and winter paddy, attributed to more efficient resource utilisation and adaptive agricultural practices. Despite strong resilience through traditional adaptive measures, there is a need for enhanced infrastructure and awareness programs. The study emphasises the necessity for targeted policy interventions and support mechanisms to enhance tenant farmers’ economic stability and resilience in Majuli.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2024-12-01
publication date: 2024-12-01
starting page: 8
ending page: 8
doi: 10.3233/JCC240018

Editorial
type: item
description: The passive housing strategies that are designing and constructing homes to enhance the energy efficiency to reduce the traditional heating or cooling systems are to be adopted to cope up with the extreme weather conditions due to climate change along with rapid increase in population and the energy needs. This is linked to fuel consumption and emissions with deployment of Auxiliary Power Units (APUs) in the neutral position (R-H) to achieve sustainability and improved fuel economy. The impacts are slightly neutralised if the rapid agroforestry efficient cultivation systems are developed that will enhance nitrogen levels in the soil and promote the carbon storage. The climate change in the coastal and ocean environment is driving the ocean warming and acidification due to enhanced greenhouse gases particularly, the uptake of CO2 that are harming marine life. Hence there is an urgent need to establish ethical data gathering methods, implement standardised communication protocols, and address privacy concerns by examining the challenges, concerns, and potential of integrating Cloud IoT. All these contemporary aspects are covered in the seven papers in this issue. I hope readers will enjoy the content. Happy reading.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2024-06-12
publication date: 2024-06-12
starting page: 4
ending page: 4